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Antique
Collecting:
Pottery And
Porcelain
English porcelain factories
Page 3 of 5
Worcester china,
marked or unmarked, is remarkable for
its slightly grey appearance and for the
fact that the glaze shrinks away at the
edges; particularly on the insides of
the foot-rims of plates, cups, and
similarly constructed pieces. This
feature has never been imitated
successfully, in spite of the fact that
Worcester was much copied at the time it
was made, and has continued to be faked
ever since.
In 1783 the
factory was bought by Thomas Flight and
managed by his sons, a visit was paid to
it shortly by King George III and Queen
Charlotte, and a complete change in the
style of ware began to take place. The
new productions were of simple shapes,
but very finely painted in the manner of
miniatures. Popular subjects were groups
of feathers or sea-shells carefully
painted in natural colours. The china
itself was highly glazed and often
modelled with borders of 'pearls', left
white or heavily gilt. On the death of
one of Flight's sons in 1791 Martin Barr
became a partner, and the firm became
Flight and Barr; other changes involving
the style of the firm took place in 1807
and 1813.
Robert Chamberlain
left Flight's about 1783, and after a
period in which he decorated porcelain
bought from other factories, started his
own works in Worcester. His sons were
skilled painters, and they decorated in
a manner similar to that of the older
company. Chamberlain ware is of a marked
grey tint and the paste is often lumpy,
much showy gilding was used and a
salmon-pink ground was very popular.
Thomas Grainger
started a further Worcester factory in
1801, and produced wares similar to
those of the other two factories.
Finally, Chamberlain's formed a
partnership with the original factory
and this became eventually the Royal
Worcester Porcelain Company, which is
still in production.
Longton Hall
This Staffordshire china works was
started in about 1750 and lasted for
only ten years. Its productions and its
very existence were almost forgotten
until the year 1881, when newspaper
advertisements relating to it were
discovered and reprinted. Further
details published in 1957, including
some of the original documents and
excavations on the actual factory site,
confirmed the origin of many pieces that
had been allocated to it.
The wares are made
of a greyish paste, mostly glazed with
what has been described as a covering
resembling 'candle-grease', and many of
the larger productions were sold with
fire-cracks, bubbles and other
blemishes. In spite of this, it has both
charm and interest. Many of the designs
of both tableware and figures are
original, and the painting is
occasionally of a high standard.
An underglaze colour of a noticeably
strong dark blue was used, and this was
overpainted sometimes with a thick white
enamel to give a lace-like effect. An
underglaze dark purple was also employed
occasionally.
Many Longton Hall pieces are still
confused with those from other
factories, notably Liverpool. Most of it
is not marked.
Liverpool
The city of Liverpool was the seat of a
number of porcelain factories during the
eighteenth century although evidence of
their activities and their productions
is scanty. Richard Chaffers is known to
have made a ware similar to that of
Worcester and containing soapstone as an
ingredient. Zachariah Barnes is said to
have been the maker of pieces printed in
underglaze blue of a dark shade.
Identified Liverpool porcelain is
occasionally of good quality, but most
of it is commonplace domestic ware. No
figures have been found.
John Sadler and
Guy Green of Liverpool claimed that they
had invented a process for decorating
pottery and porcelain with
transfer-prints. In 1756 they said they
had done this four years before, but
they did not trouble to patent their
process and it is open to argument
whether they were the first to use it.
Local porcelain was decorated by them,
as well as ware from factories farther
distant, and a small number of surviving
Liverpool pieces are printed in several
colours.
Lowestoft
A small factory was started in this
Suffolk town in 1757, and continued in
operation until 1802. In the past it
received attention out of all proportion
to the merit of its productions, and
through a mistake in a book published in
1863 a very large amount of Chinese
hard-paste porcelain was accredited to
it. In spite of the fact that this has
been proved a fallacy, much Chinese ware
of the once-disputed type is still
called 'Lowestoft'; not only in England,
but also in America.
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